Date | Value |
---|---|
Oct 1, 2017 | 246.12 |
Sep 1, 2017 | 245.56 |
Aug 1, 2017 | 246.18 |
Jul 1, 2017 | 245.82 |
Jun 1, 2017 | 244.04 |
May 1, 2017 | 242.05 |
Apr 1, 2017 | 239.71 |
Mar 1, 2017 | 237.82 |
Feb 1, 2017 | 236.07 |
Jan 1, 2017 | 236.32 |
Dec 1, 2016 | 237.39 |
Nov 1, 2016 | 237.21 |
Oct 1, 2016 | 236.55 |
Sep 1, 2016 | 236.72 |
Aug 1, 2016 | 236.88 |
Jul 1, 2016 | 236.26 |
Jun 1, 2016 | 234.43 |
May 1, 2016 | 233.14 |
Apr 1, 2016 | 231.67 |
Mar 1, 2016 | 230.31 |
Feb 1, 2016 | 229.59 |
Jan 1, 2016 | 229.46 |
Dec 1, 2015 | 229.92 |
Nov 1, 2015 | 229.16 |
Oct 1, 2015 | 228.53 |
Sep 1, 2015 | 228.42 |
Aug 1, 2015 | 227.90 |
Jul 1, 2015 | 227.00 |
Jun 1, 2015 | 225.66 |
May 1, 2015 | 224.36 |
Apr 1, 2015 | 223.03 |
Mar 1, 2015 | 221.01 |
Feb 1, 2015 | 220.39 |
Jan 1, 2015 | 220.83 |
Dec 1, 2014 | 220.07 |
Nov 1, 2014 | 219.07 |
Oct 1, 2014 | 218.22 |
Sep 1, 2014 | 218.10 |
Aug 1, 2014 | 218.52 |
Jul 1, 2014 | 217.74 |
Jun 1, 2014 | 216.46 |
May 1, 2014 | 214.88 |
Apr 1, 2014 | 213.39 |
Mar 1, 2014 | 211.76 |
Feb 1, 2014 | 211.39 |
Jan 1, 2014 | 211.50 |
Dec 1, 2013 | 212.16 |
Nov 1, 2013 | 212.25 |
Oct 1, 2013 | 212.06 |
Sep 1, 2013 | 211.66 |
Aug 1, 2013 | 211.53 |
Jul 1, 2013 | 210.31 |
Jun 1, 2013 | 207.93 |
May 1, 2013 | 205.01 |
Apr 1, 2013 | 201.52 |
Mar 1, 2013 | 197.30 |
Feb 1, 2013 | 194.06 |
Jan 1, 2013 | 194.50 |
Dec 1, 2012 | 194.48 |
Nov 1, 2012 | 194.08 |
Oct 1, 2012 | 193.16 |
Sep 1, 2012 | 193.61 |
Aug 1, 2012 | 194.94 |
Jul 1, 2012 | 195.46 |
Jun 1, 2012 | 193.64 |
May 1, 2012 | 190.49 |
Apr 1, 2012 | 186.79 |
Mar 1, 2012 | 183.82 |
Feb 1, 2012 | 182.65 |
Jan 1, 2012 | 183.68 |
Dec 1, 2011 | 185.86 |
Nov 1, 2011 | 187.45 |
Oct 1, 2011 | 189.69 |
Sep 1, 2011 | 191.70 |
Aug 1, 2011 | 194.20 |
Jul 1, 2011 | 195.50 |
Jun 1, 2011 | 195.13 |
May 1, 2011 | 193.20 |
Apr 1, 2011 | 192.00 |
Mar 1, 2011 | 191.35 |
Feb 1, 2011 | 193.14 |
Jan 1, 2011 | 195.93 |
Dec 1, 2010 | 199.11 |
Nov 1, 2010 | 201.14 |
Oct 1, 2010 | 203.07 |
Sep 1, 2010 | 205.41 |
Aug 1, 2010 | 208.10 |
Jul 1, 2010 | 210.01 |
Jun 1, 2010 | 210.27 |
May 1, 2010 | 209.11 |
Apr 1, 2010 | 206.96 |
Mar 1, 2010 | 204.76 |
Feb 1, 2010 | 204.83 |
Jan 1, 2010 | 207.66 |
Dec 1, 2009 | 210.78 |
Nov 1, 2009 | 212.23 |
Oct 1, 2009 | 213.32 |
Sep 1, 2009 | 215.02 |
Aug 1, 2009 | 216.65 |
Jul 1, 2009 | 217.25 |
Jun 1, 2009 | 215.54 |
May 1, 2009 | 215.04 |
Apr 1, 2009 | 213.87 |
Mar 1, 2009 | 213.78 |
Feb 1, 2009 | 215.90 |
Jan 1, 2009 | 219.54 |
Dec 1, 2008 | 225.20 |
Nov 1, 2008 | 228.01 |
Oct 1, 2008 | 228.09 |
Sep 1, 2008 | 229.68 |
Aug 1, 2008 | 232.72 |
Jul 1, 2008 | 233.81 |
Jun 1, 2008 | 236.20 |
May 1, 2008 | 239.27 |
Apr 1, 2008 | 241.72 |
Mar 1, 2008 | 244.04 |
Feb 1, 2008 | 248.05 |
Jan 1, 2008 | 251.53 |
Dec 1, 2007 | 256.12 |
Nov 1, 2007 | 258.65 |
Oct 1, 2007 | 263.69 |
Sep 1, 2007 | 266.63 |
Aug 1, 2007 | 269.03 |
Jul 1, 2007 | 269.66 |
Jun 1, 2007 | 270.41 |
May 1, 2007 | 271.44 |
Apr 1, 2007 | 273.47 |
Mar 1, 2007 | 275.34 |
Feb 1, 2007 | 278.27 |
Jan 1, 2007 | 280.15 |
Dec 1, 2006 | 281.78 |
Nov 1, 2006 | 282.82 |
Oct 1, 2006 | 283.05 |
Sep 1, 2006 | 281.74 |
Aug 1, 2006 | 280.66 |
Jul 1, 2006 | 281.54 |
Jun 1, 2006 | 282.26 |
May 1, 2006 | 282.56 |
Apr 1, 2006 | 282.84 |
Mar 1, 2006 | 283.84 |
Feb 1, 2006 | 283.48 |
Jan 1, 2006 | 282.99 |
Dec 1, 2005 | 284.01 |
Nov 1, 2005 | 282.18 |
Oct 1, 2005 | 278.47 |
Sep 1, 2005 | 277.25 |
Aug 1, 2005 | 277.97 |
Jul 1, 2005 | 276.50 |
Jun 1, 2005 | 274.44 |
May 1, 2005 | 270.64 |
Apr 1, 2005 | 266.31 |
Mar 1, 2005 | 264.22 |
Feb 1, 2005 | 262.00 |
Jan 1, 2005 | 260.60 |
Dec 1, 2004 | 258.75 |
Nov 1, 2004 | 255.90 |
Oct 1, 2004 | 254.08 |
Sep 1, 2004 | 253.47 |
Aug 1, 2004 | 251.88 |
Jul 1, 2004 | 249.60 |
Jun 1, 2004 | 246.23 |
May 1, 2004 | 243.44 |
Apr 1, 2004 | 241.29 |
Mar 1, 2004 | 238.61 |
Feb 1, 2004 | 236.73 |
Jan 1, 2004 | 235.78 |
Dec 1, 2003 | 235.11 |
Nov 1, 2003 | 233.41 |
Oct 1, 2003 | 231.45 |
Sep 1, 2003 | 229.69 |
Aug 1, 2003 | 228.56 |
Jul 1, 2003 | 227.22 |
Jun 1, 2003 | 225.07 |
May 1, 2003 | 222.96 |
Apr 1, 2003 | 220.32 |
Mar 1, 2003 | 217.85 |
Feb 1, 2003 | 217.50 |
Jan 1, 2003 | 218.01 |
Dec 1, 2002 | 218.12 |
Nov 1, 2002 | 216.77 |
Oct 1, 2002 | 215.89 |
Sep 1, 2002 | 215.15 |
Aug 1, 2002 | 214.21 |
Jul 1, 2002 | 213.13 |
Jun 1, 2002 | 211.02 |
May 1, 2002 | 208.48 |
Apr 1, 2002 | 205.75 |
Mar 1, 2002 | 204.68 |
Feb 1, 2002 | 204.07 |
Jan 1, 2002 | 204.03 |
Dec 1, 2001 | 203.83 |
Nov 1, 2001 | 202.64 |
Oct 1, 2001 | 202.02 |
Sep 1, 2001 | 200.97 |
Aug 1, 2001 | 201.04 |
Jul 1, 2001 | 199.71 |
Jun 1, 2001 | 197.48 |
May 1, 2001 | 195.94 |
Apr 1, 2001 | 195.16 |
Mar 1, 2001 | 194.44 |
Feb 1, 2001 | 193.54 |
Jan 1, 2001 | 193.57 |
Dec 1, 2000 | 194.03 |
Nov 1, 2000 | 193.02 |
Oct 1, 2000 | 192.13 |
Sep 1, 2000 | 191.41 |
Aug 1, 2000 | 191.30 |
Jul 1, 2000 | 189.86 |
Jun 1, 2000 | 188.75 |
May 1, 2000 | 187.64 |
Apr 1, 2000 | 185.76 |
Mar 1, 2000 | 183.93 |
Feb 1, 2000 | 183.80 |
Jan 1, 2000 | 183.84 |
Dec 1, 1999 | 183.61 |
Nov 1, 1999 | 182.90 |
Oct 1, 1999 | 182.41 |
Sep 1, 1999 | 181.94 |
Aug 1, 1999 | 181.87 |
Jul 1, 1999 | 181.00 |
Jun 1, 1999 | 180.00 |
May 1, 1999 | 178.13 |
Apr 1, 1999 | 176.39 |
Mar 1, 1999 | 176.11 |
Feb 1, 1999 | 175.46 |
Jan 1, 1999 | 175.17 |
Dec 1, 1998 | 175.08 |
Nov 1, 1998 | 174.52 |
Oct 1, 1998 | 174.14 |
Sep 1, 1998 | 174.09 |
Aug 1, 1998 | 173.66 |
Jul 1, 1998 | 172.83 |
Jun 1, 1998 | 171.78 |
May 1, 1998 | 170.43 |
Apr 1, 1998 | 169.18 |
Mar 1, 1998 | 168.19 |
Feb 1, 1998 | 167.55 |
Jan 1, 1998 | 167.45 |
Dec 1, 1997 | 167.15 |
Nov 1, 1997 | 166.54 |
Oct 1, 1997 | 165.99 |
Sep 1, 1997 | 166.21 |
Aug 1, 1997 | 166.32 |
Jul 1, 1997 | 166.05 |
Jun 1, 1997 | 165.38 |
May 1, 1997 | 164.56 |
Apr 1, 1997 | 163.40 |
Mar 1, 1997 | 162.80 |
Feb 1, 1997 | 162.59 |
Jan 1, 1997 | 162.98 |
Dec 1, 1996 | 163.42 |
Nov 1, 1996 | 163.56 |
Oct 1, 1996 | 164.00 |
Sep 1, 1996 | 164.66 |
Aug 1, 1996 | 165.09 |
Jul 1, 1996 | 164.95 |
Jun 1, 1996 | 164.53 |
May 1, 1996 | 163.74 |
Apr 1, 1996 | 163.10 |
Mar 1, 1996 | 162.82 |
Feb 1, 1996 | 163.12 |
Jan 1, 1996 | 163.71 |
Dec 1, 1995 | 164.85 |
Nov 1, 1995 | 164.96 |
Oct 1, 1995 | 165.06 |
Sep 1, 1995 | 165.62 |
Aug 1, 1995 | 165.76 |
Jul 1, 1995 | 165.70 |
Jun 1, 1995 | 165.01 |
May 1, 1995 | 164.56 |
Apr 1, 1995 | 164.23 |
Mar 1, 1995 | 164.18 |
Feb 1, 1995 | 164.54 |
Jan 1, 1995 | 165.26 |
Dec 1, 1994 | 166.03 |
Nov 1, 1994 | 166.21 |
Oct 1, 1994 | 166.70 |
Sep 1, 1994 | 166.90 |
Aug 1, 1994 | 167.31 |
Jul 1, 1994 | 167.46 |
Jun 1, 1994 | 167.14 |
May 1, 1994 | 166.67 |
Apr 1, 1994 | 165.71 |
Mar 1, 1994 | 165.20 |
Feb 1, 1994 | 165.44 |
Jan 1, 1994 | 166.01 |
Dec 1, 1993 | 166.27 |
Nov 1, 1993 | 166.40 |
Oct 1, 1993 | 166.52 |
Sep 1, 1993 | 167.25 |
Aug 1, 1993 | 167.44 |
Jul 1, 1993 | 167.39 |
Jun 1, 1993 | 166.60 |
May 1, 1993 | 165.77 |
Apr 1, 1993 | 165.23 |
Mar 1, 1993 | 165.08 |
Feb 1, 1993 | 165.53 |
Jan 1, 1993 | 166.26 |
Dec 1, 1992 | 167.23 |
Nov 1, 1992 | 167.38 |
Oct 1, 1992 | 167.64 |
Sep 1, 1992 | 168.30 |
Aug 1, 1992 | 168.99 |
Jul 1, 1992 | 169.43 |
Jun 1, 1992 | 169.55 |
May 1, 1992 | 169.71 |
Apr 1, 1992 | 169.24 |
Mar 1, 1992 | 168.89 |
Feb 1, 1992 | 169.38 |
Jan 1, 1992 | 170.11 |
Dec 1, 1991 | 170.65 |
Nov 1, 1991 | 171.24 |
Oct 1, 1991 | 172.31 |
Sep 1, 1991 | 173.19 |
Aug 1, 1991 | 174.00 |
Jul 1, 1991 | 174.32 |
Jun 1, 1991 | 173.99 |
May 1, 1991 | 173.40 |
Apr 1, 1991 | 172.86 |
Mar 1, 1991 | 172.73 |
Feb 1, 1991 | 173.23 |
Jan 1, 1991 | 174.14 |
Dec 1, 1990 | 176.20 |
Nov 1, 1990 | 177.15 |
Oct 1, 1990 | 178.78 |
Sep 1, 1990 | 180.58 |
Aug 1, 1990 | 182.68 |
Jul 1, 1990 | 184.58 |
Jun 1, 1990 | 185.14 |
May 1, 1990 | 185.67 |
Apr 1, 1990 | 185.47 |
Mar 1, 1990 | 185.16 |
Feb 1, 1990 | 185.69 |
Jan 1, 1990 | 186.41 |
Dec 1, 1989 | 188.26 |
Nov 1, 1989 | 188.61 |
Oct 1, 1989 | 188.99 |
Sep 1, 1989 | 189.75 |
Aug 1, 1989 | 189.98 |
Jul 1, 1989 | 189.71 |
Jun 1, 1989 | 189.30 |
May 1, 1989 | 188.75 |
Apr 1, 1989 | 188.74 |
Mar 1, 1989 | 188.81 |
Feb 1, 1989 | 188.77 |
Jan 1, 1989 | 188.66 |
Dec 1, 1988 | 188.75 |
Nov 1, 1988 | 188.52 |
Oct 1, 1988 | 188.03 |
Sep 1, 1988 | 188.01 |
Aug 1, 1988 | 188.28 |
Jul 1, 1988 | 187.77 |
Jun 1, 1988 | 186.93 |
May 1, 1988 | 185.98 |
Apr 1, 1988 | 184.98 |
Mar 1, 1988 | 184.70 |
Feb 1, 1988 | 184.40 |
Jan 1, 1988 | 184.00 |
Dec 1, 1987 | 183.83 |
Nov 1, 1987 | 183.16 |
Oct 1, 1987 | 182.80 |
Sep 1, 1987 | 182.53 |
Aug 1, 1987 | 182.53 |
Jul 1, 1987 | 182.19 |
Jun 1, 1987 | 181.11 |
May 1, 1987 | 179.91 |
Apr 1, 1987 | 178.98 |
Mar 1, 1987 | 178.53 |
Feb 1, 1987 | 178.38 |
Jan 1, 1987 | 177.91 |
Dec 1, 1986 | 170.63 |
Sep 1, 1986 | 168.45 |
Jun 1, 1986 | 166.77 |
Mar 1, 1986 | 164.44 |
Dec 1, 1985 | 160.56 |
Sep 1, 1985 | 160.12 |
Jun 1, 1985 | 158.46 |
Mar 1, 1985 | 157.75 |
Dec 1, 1984 | 157.21 |
Sep 1, 1984 | 156.17 |
Jun 1, 1984 | 156.59 |
Mar 1, 1984 | 155.74 |
Dec 1, 1983 | 155.44 |
Sep 1, 1983 | 155.78 |
Jun 1, 1983 | 156.68 |
Mar 1, 1983 | 157.35 |
Dec 1, 1982 | 154.99 |
Sep 1, 1982 | 153.41 |
Jun 1, 1982 | 155.79 |
Mar 1, 1982 | 159.17 |
Dec 1, 1981 | 158.33 |
Sep 1, 1981 | 159.20 |
Jun 1, 1981 | 161.57 |
Mar 1, 1981 | 161.53 |
Dec 1, 1980 | 164.63 |
Sep 1, 1980 | 168.72 |
Jun 1, 1980 | 166.25 |
Mar 1, 1980 | 169.02 |
Dec 1, 1979 | 173.69 |
Sep 1, 1979 | 175.02 |
Jun 1, 1979 | 176.74 |
Mar 1, 1979 | 177.71 |
Dec 1, 1978 | 174.96 |
Sep 1, 1978 | 172.93 |
Jun 1, 1978 | 171.48 |
Mar 1, 1978 | 169.43 |
Dec 1, 1977 | 167.61 |
Sep 1, 1977 | 163.90 |
Jun 1, 1977 | 162.15 |
Mar 1, 1977 | 158.17 |
Dec 1, 1976 | 156.60 |
Sep 1, 1976 | 155.88 |
Jun 1, 1976 | 156.51 |
Mar 1, 1976 | 153.60 |
Dec 1, 1975 | 152.59 |
Sep 1, 1975 | 152.57 |
Jun 1, 1975 | 156.08 |
Mar 1, 1975 | 155.02 |
Dec 1, 1974 | 150.48 |
Sep 1, 1974 | 150.10 |
Jun 1, 1974 | 151.98 |
Mar 1, 1974 | 152.92 |
Dec 1, 1973 | 154.64 |
Sep 1, 1973 | 155.21 |
Jun 1, 1973 | 157.33 |
Mar 1, 1973 | 160.15 |
Dec 1, 1972 | 163.37 |
Sep 1, 1972 | 164.80 |
Jun 1, 1972 | 163.51 |
Mar 1, 1972 | 163.72 |
Dec 1, 1971 | 163.50 |
Sep 1, 1971 | 162.76 |
Jun 1, 1971 | 161.30 |
Mar 1, 1971 | 161.96 |
Dec 1, 1970 | 161.71 |
Sep 1, 1970 | 160.86 |
Jun 1, 1970 | 159.43 |
Mar 1, 1970 | 159.12 |
Dec 1, 1969 | 157.78 |
Sep 1, 1969 | 157.15 |
Jun 1, 1969 | 156.26 |
Mar 1, 1969 | 156.52 |
Dec 1, 1968 | 155.99 |
Sep 1, 1968 | 154.91 |
Jun 1, 1968 | 155.12 |
Mar 1, 1968 | 156.78 |
Dec 1, 1967 | 157.69 |
Sep 1, 1967 | 157.58 |
Jun 1, 1967 | 157.84 |
Mar 1, 1967 | 158.63 |
Dec 1, 1966 | 159.06 |
Sep 1, 1966 | 159.33 |
Jun 1, 1966 | 160.65 |
Mar 1, 1966 | 161.76 |
Dec 1, 1965 | 162.40 |
Sep 1, 1965 | 161.70 |
Jun 1, 1965 | 161.42 |
Mar 1, 1965 | 163.76 |
Dec 1, 1964 | 163.27 |
Sep 1, 1964 | 162.60 |
Jun 1, 1964 | 162.16 |
Mar 1, 1964 | 163.31 |
Dec 1, 1963 | 162.17 |
Sep 1, 1963 | 162.31 |
Jun 1, 1963 | 162.61 |
Mar 1, 1963 | 162.11 |
Dec 1, 1962 | 162.12 |
Sep 1, 1962 | 162.47 |
Jun 1, 1962 | 163.19 |
Mar 1, 1962 | 163.21 |
Dec 1, 1961 | 163.28 |
Sep 1, 1961 | 162.52 |
Jun 1, 1961 | 162.90 |
Mar 1, 1961 | 163.19 |
Dec 1, 1960 | 163.49 |
Sep 1, 1960 | 163.70 |
Jun 1, 1960 | 163.35 |
Mar 1, 1960 | 164.82 |
Dec 1, 1959 | 164.70 |
Sep 1, 1959 | 164.30 |
Jun 1, 1959 | 165.73 |
Mar 1, 1959 | 166.45 |
Dec 1, 1958 | 166.69 |
Sep 1, 1958 | 167.00 |
Jun 1, 1958 | 167.79 |
Mar 1, 1958 | 167.09 |
Dec 1, 1957 | 168.88 |
Sep 1, 1957 | 168.23 |
Jun 1, 1957 | 169.43 |
Mar 1, 1957 | 169.42 |
Dec 1, 1956 | 169.06 |
Sep 1, 1956 | 170.42 |
Jun 1, 1956 | 168.37 |
Mar 1, 1956 | 171.54 |
Dec 1, 1955 | 172.92 |
Sep 1, 1955 | 172.28 |
Jun 1, 1955 | 171.65 |
Mar 1, 1955 | 172.84 |
Dec 1, 1954 | 173.04 |
Sep 1, 1954 | 172.13 |
Jun 1, 1954 | 170.38 |
Mar 1, 1954 | 170.44 |
Dec 1, 1953 | 170.38 |
Sep 1, 1953 | 170.31 |
Jun 1, 1953 | 170.29 |
Mar 1, 1953 | 171.04 |
Dec 1, 1952 | 153.87 |
Dec 1, 1951 | 148.49 |
Dec 1, 1950 | 148.42 |
Dec 1, 1949 | 151.70 |
Dec 1, 1948 | 148.42 |
Dec 1, 1947 | 149.78 |
Dec 1, 1946 | 134.43 |
Dec 1, 1945 | 127.96 |
Dec 1, 1944 | 117.05 |
Dec 1, 1943 | 102.71 |
Dec 1, 1942 | 94.89 |
Dec 1, 1941 | 100.12 |
Dec 1, 1940 | 120.13 |
Dec 1, 1939 | 117.12 |
Dec 1, 1938 | 118.66 |
Dec 1, 1937 | 116.38 |
Dec 1, 1936 | 116.72 |
Dec 1, 1935 | 114.72 |
Dec 1, 1934 | 107.63 |
Dec 1, 1933 | 106.18 |
Dec 1, 1932 | 111.23 |
Dec 1, 1931 | 111.47 |
Dec 1, 1930 | 110.05 |
Dec 1, 1929 | 107.64 |
Dec 1, 1928 | 110.54 |
Dec 1, 1927 | 107.66 |
Dec 1, 1926 | 109.31 |
Dec 1, 1925 | 112.64 |
Dec 1, 1924 | 110.76 |
Dec 1, 1923 | 110.55 |
Dec 1, 1922 | 111.52 |
Dec 1, 1921 | 107.45 |
Dec 1, 1920 | 98.01 |
Dec 1, 1919 | 91.79 |
Dec 1, 1918 | 95.60 |
Dec 1, 1917 | 108.25 |
Dec 1, 1916 | 125.29 |
Dec 1, 1915 | 128.88 |
Dec 1, 1914 | 143.16 |
Dec 1, 1913 | 139.41 |
Dec 1, 1912 | 143.72 |
Dec 1, 1911 | 148.48 |
Dec 1, 1910 | 148.84 |
Dec 1, 1909 | 127.32 |
Dec 1, 1908 | 143.98 |
Dec 1, 1907 | 164.83 |
Dec 1, 1906 | 146.21 |
Dec 1, 1905 | 130.06 |
Dec 1, 1904 | 148.42 |
Dec 1, 1903 | 148.53 |
Dec 1, 1902 | 138.21 |
Dec 1, 1901 | 125.59 |
Dec 1, 1900 | 157.16 |
Dec 1, 1899 | 132.41 |
Dec 1, 1898 | 161.86 |
Dec 1, 1897 | 154.28 |
Dec 1, 1896 | 149.56 |
Dec 1, 1895 | 170.08 |
Dec 1, 1894 | 192.75 |
Dec 1, 1893 | 154.37 |
Dec 1, 1892 | 136.97 |
Dec 1, 1891 | 136.15 |
Dec 1, 1890 | 143.66 |
US national index levels, not seasonally adjusted. Historic prices are inflation adjusted February, 2024 dollars.
Data is from Robert Shiller, from his book, Irrational Exuberance, and Standard and Poor’s.