Date | Value |
---|---|
Oct 1, 2017 | 244.11 |
Sep 1, 2017 | 243.56 |
Aug 1, 2017 | 244.17 |
Jul 1, 2017 | 243.81 |
Jun 1, 2017 | 242.04 |
May 1, 2017 | 240.07 |
Apr 1, 2017 | 237.75 |
Mar 1, 2017 | 235.88 |
Feb 1, 2017 | 234.14 |
Jan 1, 2017 | 234.39 |
Dec 1, 2016 | 235.45 |
Nov 1, 2016 | 235.27 |
Oct 1, 2016 | 234.61 |
Sep 1, 2016 | 234.78 |
Aug 1, 2016 | 234.95 |
Jul 1, 2016 | 234.33 |
Jun 1, 2016 | 232.51 |
May 1, 2016 | 231.24 |
Apr 1, 2016 | 229.78 |
Mar 1, 2016 | 228.43 |
Feb 1, 2016 | 227.71 |
Jan 1, 2016 | 227.58 |
Dec 1, 2015 | 228.04 |
Nov 1, 2015 | 227.29 |
Oct 1, 2015 | 226.66 |
Sep 1, 2015 | 226.55 |
Aug 1, 2015 | 226.04 |
Jul 1, 2015 | 225.14 |
Jun 1, 2015 | 223.81 |
May 1, 2015 | 222.53 |
Apr 1, 2015 | 221.20 |
Mar 1, 2015 | 219.20 |
Feb 1, 2015 | 218.59 |
Jan 1, 2015 | 219.03 |
Dec 1, 2014 | 218.27 |
Nov 1, 2014 | 217.28 |
Oct 1, 2014 | 216.43 |
Sep 1, 2014 | 216.32 |
Aug 1, 2014 | 216.74 |
Jul 1, 2014 | 215.96 |
Jun 1, 2014 | 214.69 |
May 1, 2014 | 213.12 |
Apr 1, 2014 | 211.65 |
Mar 1, 2014 | 210.03 |
Feb 1, 2014 | 209.66 |
Jan 1, 2014 | 209.77 |
Dec 1, 2013 | 210.43 |
Nov 1, 2013 | 210.52 |
Oct 1, 2013 | 210.32 |
Sep 1, 2013 | 209.93 |
Aug 1, 2013 | 209.80 |
Jul 1, 2013 | 208.59 |
Jun 1, 2013 | 206.23 |
May 1, 2013 | 203.33 |
Apr 1, 2013 | 199.87 |
Mar 1, 2013 | 195.68 |
Feb 1, 2013 | 192.47 |
Jan 1, 2013 | 192.91 |
Dec 1, 2012 | 192.89 |
Nov 1, 2012 | 192.49 |
Oct 1, 2012 | 191.58 |
Sep 1, 2012 | 192.02 |
Aug 1, 2012 | 193.35 |
Jul 1, 2012 | 193.86 |
Jun 1, 2012 | 192.05 |
May 1, 2012 | 188.93 |
Apr 1, 2012 | 185.26 |
Mar 1, 2012 | 182.32 |
Feb 1, 2012 | 181.16 |
Jan 1, 2012 | 182.18 |
Dec 1, 2011 | 184.34 |
Nov 1, 2011 | 185.91 |
Oct 1, 2011 | 188.14 |
Sep 1, 2011 | 190.14 |
Aug 1, 2011 | 192.61 |
Jul 1, 2011 | 193.91 |
Jun 1, 2011 | 193.53 |
May 1, 2011 | 191.62 |
Apr 1, 2011 | 190.43 |
Mar 1, 2011 | 189.78 |
Feb 1, 2011 | 191.56 |
Jan 1, 2011 | 194.33 |
Dec 1, 2010 | 197.48 |
Nov 1, 2010 | 199.50 |
Oct 1, 2010 | 201.41 |
Sep 1, 2010 | 203.73 |
Aug 1, 2010 | 206.40 |
Jul 1, 2010 | 208.30 |
Jun 1, 2010 | 208.55 |
May 1, 2010 | 207.40 |
Apr 1, 2010 | 205.26 |
Mar 1, 2010 | 203.09 |
Feb 1, 2010 | 203.16 |
Jan 1, 2010 | 205.96 |
Dec 1, 2009 | 209.06 |
Nov 1, 2009 | 210.50 |
Oct 1, 2009 | 211.57 |
Sep 1, 2009 | 213.26 |
Aug 1, 2009 | 214.88 |
Jul 1, 2009 | 215.47 |
Jun 1, 2009 | 213.78 |
May 1, 2009 | 213.28 |
Apr 1, 2009 | 212.12 |
Mar 1, 2009 | 212.03 |
Feb 1, 2009 | 214.14 |
Jan 1, 2009 | 217.74 |
Dec 1, 2008 | 223.36 |
Nov 1, 2008 | 226.15 |
Oct 1, 2008 | 226.22 |
Sep 1, 2008 | 227.81 |
Aug 1, 2008 | 230.82 |
Jul 1, 2008 | 231.90 |
Jun 1, 2008 | 234.27 |
May 1, 2008 | 237.31 |
Apr 1, 2008 | 239.74 |
Mar 1, 2008 | 242.05 |
Feb 1, 2008 | 246.02 |
Jan 1, 2008 | 249.48 |
Dec 1, 2007 | 254.03 |
Nov 1, 2007 | 256.54 |
Oct 1, 2007 | 261.54 |
Sep 1, 2007 | 264.45 |
Aug 1, 2007 | 266.83 |
Jul 1, 2007 | 267.45 |
Jun 1, 2007 | 268.20 |
May 1, 2007 | 269.22 |
Apr 1, 2007 | 271.24 |
Mar 1, 2007 | 273.09 |
Feb 1, 2007 | 276.00 |
Jan 1, 2007 | 277.85 |
Dec 1, 2006 | 279.48 |
Nov 1, 2006 | 280.51 |
Oct 1, 2006 | 280.73 |
Sep 1, 2006 | 279.44 |
Aug 1, 2006 | 278.37 |
Jul 1, 2006 | 279.23 |
Jun 1, 2006 | 279.95 |
May 1, 2006 | 280.25 |
Apr 1, 2006 | 280.52 |
Mar 1, 2006 | 281.52 |
Feb 1, 2006 | 281.16 |
Jan 1, 2006 | 280.67 |
Dec 1, 2005 | 281.69 |
Nov 1, 2005 | 279.88 |
Oct 1, 2005 | 276.19 |
Sep 1, 2005 | 274.98 |
Aug 1, 2005 | 275.69 |
Jul 1, 2005 | 274.24 |
Jun 1, 2005 | 272.20 |
May 1, 2005 | 268.43 |
Apr 1, 2005 | 264.14 |
Mar 1, 2005 | 262.06 |
Feb 1, 2005 | 259.86 |
Jan 1, 2005 | 258.47 |
Dec 1, 2004 | 256.63 |
Nov 1, 2004 | 253.81 |
Oct 1, 2004 | 252.00 |
Sep 1, 2004 | 251.40 |
Aug 1, 2004 | 249.82 |
Jul 1, 2004 | 247.56 |
Jun 1, 2004 | 244.22 |
May 1, 2004 | 241.45 |
Apr 1, 2004 | 239.32 |
Mar 1, 2004 | 236.66 |
Feb 1, 2004 | 234.79 |
Jan 1, 2004 | 233.85 |
Dec 1, 2003 | 233.19 |
Nov 1, 2003 | 231.50 |
Oct 1, 2003 | 229.56 |
Sep 1, 2003 | 227.82 |
Aug 1, 2003 | 226.69 |
Jul 1, 2003 | 225.36 |
Jun 1, 2003 | 223.23 |
May 1, 2003 | 221.14 |
Apr 1, 2003 | 218.52 |
Mar 1, 2003 | 216.07 |
Feb 1, 2003 | 215.72 |
Jan 1, 2003 | 216.23 |
Dec 1, 2002 | 216.34 |
Nov 1, 2002 | 214.99 |
Oct 1, 2002 | 214.13 |
Sep 1, 2002 | 213.39 |
Aug 1, 2002 | 212.45 |
Jul 1, 2002 | 211.38 |
Jun 1, 2002 | 209.29 |
May 1, 2002 | 206.77 |
Apr 1, 2002 | 204.07 |
Mar 1, 2002 | 203.01 |
Feb 1, 2002 | 202.40 |
Jan 1, 2002 | 202.37 |
Dec 1, 2001 | 202.16 |
Nov 1, 2001 | 200.98 |
Oct 1, 2001 | 200.37 |
Sep 1, 2001 | 199.33 |
Aug 1, 2001 | 199.40 |
Jul 1, 2001 | 198.08 |
Jun 1, 2001 | 195.86 |
May 1, 2001 | 194.34 |
Apr 1, 2001 | 193.56 |
Mar 1, 2001 | 192.85 |
Feb 1, 2001 | 191.96 |
Jan 1, 2001 | 191.99 |
Dec 1, 2000 | 192.44 |
Nov 1, 2000 | 191.44 |
Oct 1, 2000 | 190.56 |
Sep 1, 2000 | 189.85 |
Aug 1, 2000 | 189.73 |
Jul 1, 2000 | 188.31 |
Jun 1, 2000 | 187.21 |
May 1, 2000 | 186.11 |
Apr 1, 2000 | 184.24 |
Mar 1, 2000 | 182.43 |
Feb 1, 2000 | 182.30 |
Jan 1, 2000 | 182.34 |
Dec 1, 1999 | 182.11 |
Nov 1, 1999 | 181.40 |
Oct 1, 1999 | 180.92 |
Sep 1, 1999 | 180.46 |
Aug 1, 1999 | 180.38 |
Jul 1, 1999 | 179.52 |
Jun 1, 1999 | 178.53 |
May 1, 1999 | 176.67 |
Apr 1, 1999 | 174.95 |
Mar 1, 1999 | 174.67 |
Feb 1, 1999 | 174.03 |
Jan 1, 1999 | 173.73 |
Dec 1, 1998 | 173.65 |
Nov 1, 1998 | 173.09 |
Oct 1, 1998 | 172.72 |
Sep 1, 1998 | 172.67 |
Aug 1, 1998 | 172.24 |
Jul 1, 1998 | 171.42 |
Jun 1, 1998 | 170.38 |
May 1, 1998 | 169.04 |
Apr 1, 1998 | 167.80 |
Mar 1, 1998 | 166.82 |
Feb 1, 1998 | 166.18 |
Jan 1, 1998 | 166.08 |
Dec 1, 1997 | 165.78 |
Nov 1, 1997 | 165.18 |
Oct 1, 1997 | 164.64 |
Sep 1, 1997 | 164.85 |
Aug 1, 1997 | 164.96 |
Jul 1, 1997 | 164.69 |
Jun 1, 1997 | 164.03 |
May 1, 1997 | 163.22 |
Apr 1, 1997 | 162.06 |
Mar 1, 1997 | 161.47 |
Feb 1, 1997 | 161.26 |
Jan 1, 1997 | 161.65 |
Dec 1, 1996 | 162.08 |
Nov 1, 1996 | 162.22 |
Oct 1, 1996 | 162.66 |
Sep 1, 1996 | 163.32 |
Aug 1, 1996 | 163.74 |
Jul 1, 1996 | 163.60 |
Jun 1, 1996 | 163.19 |
May 1, 1996 | 162.40 |
Apr 1, 1996 | 161.77 |
Mar 1, 1996 | 161.49 |
Feb 1, 1996 | 161.78 |
Jan 1, 1996 | 162.37 |
Dec 1, 1995 | 163.50 |
Nov 1, 1995 | 163.61 |
Oct 1, 1995 | 163.71 |
Sep 1, 1995 | 164.26 |
Aug 1, 1995 | 164.40 |
Jul 1, 1995 | 164.35 |
Jun 1, 1995 | 163.66 |
May 1, 1995 | 163.22 |
Apr 1, 1995 | 162.89 |
Mar 1, 1995 | 162.84 |
Feb 1, 1995 | 163.20 |
Jan 1, 1995 | 163.91 |
Dec 1, 1994 | 164.67 |
Nov 1, 1994 | 164.85 |
Oct 1, 1994 | 165.34 |
Sep 1, 1994 | 165.53 |
Aug 1, 1994 | 165.94 |
Jul 1, 1994 | 166.09 |
Jun 1, 1994 | 165.77 |
May 1, 1994 | 165.31 |
Apr 1, 1994 | 164.36 |
Mar 1, 1994 | 163.85 |
Feb 1, 1994 | 164.09 |
Jan 1, 1994 | 164.65 |
Dec 1, 1993 | 164.91 |
Nov 1, 1993 | 165.04 |
Oct 1, 1993 | 165.15 |
Sep 1, 1993 | 165.88 |
Aug 1, 1993 | 166.07 |
Jul 1, 1993 | 166.02 |
Jun 1, 1993 | 165.23 |
May 1, 1993 | 164.42 |
Apr 1, 1993 | 163.88 |
Mar 1, 1993 | 163.73 |
Feb 1, 1993 | 164.18 |
Jan 1, 1993 | 164.90 |
Dec 1, 1992 | 165.87 |
Nov 1, 1992 | 166.01 |
Oct 1, 1992 | 166.27 |
Sep 1, 1992 | 166.92 |
Aug 1, 1992 | 167.61 |
Jul 1, 1992 | 168.05 |
Jun 1, 1992 | 168.16 |
May 1, 1992 | 168.33 |
Apr 1, 1992 | 167.86 |
Mar 1, 1992 | 167.51 |
Feb 1, 1992 | 168.00 |
Jan 1, 1992 | 168.72 |
Dec 1, 1991 | 169.25 |
Nov 1, 1991 | 169.84 |
Oct 1, 1991 | 170.90 |
Sep 1, 1991 | 171.77 |
Aug 1, 1991 | 172.57 |
Jul 1, 1991 | 172.90 |
Jun 1, 1991 | 172.57 |
May 1, 1991 | 171.99 |
Apr 1, 1991 | 171.45 |
Mar 1, 1991 | 171.31 |
Feb 1, 1991 | 171.82 |
Jan 1, 1991 | 172.71 |
Dec 1, 1990 | 174.76 |
Nov 1, 1990 | 175.70 |
Oct 1, 1990 | 177.32 |
Sep 1, 1990 | 179.11 |
Aug 1, 1990 | 181.19 |
Jul 1, 1990 | 183.07 |
Jun 1, 1990 | 183.63 |
May 1, 1990 | 184.15 |
Apr 1, 1990 | 183.96 |
Mar 1, 1990 | 183.65 |
Feb 1, 1990 | 184.17 |
Jan 1, 1990 | 184.89 |
Dec 1, 1989 | 186.72 |
Nov 1, 1989 | 187.07 |
Oct 1, 1989 | 187.44 |
Sep 1, 1989 | 188.19 |
Aug 1, 1989 | 188.43 |
Jul 1, 1989 | 188.16 |
Jun 1, 1989 | 187.75 |
May 1, 1989 | 187.21 |
Apr 1, 1989 | 187.20 |
Mar 1, 1989 | 187.27 |
Feb 1, 1989 | 187.23 |
Jan 1, 1989 | 187.11 |
Dec 1, 1988 | 187.20 |
Nov 1, 1988 | 186.98 |
Oct 1, 1988 | 186.49 |
Sep 1, 1988 | 186.47 |
Aug 1, 1988 | 186.74 |
Jul 1, 1988 | 186.23 |
Jun 1, 1988 | 185.40 |
May 1, 1988 | 184.46 |
Apr 1, 1988 | 183.46 |
Mar 1, 1988 | 183.19 |
Feb 1, 1988 | 182.90 |
Jan 1, 1988 | 182.49 |
Dec 1, 1987 | 182.33 |
Nov 1, 1987 | 181.66 |
Oct 1, 1987 | 181.31 |
Sep 1, 1987 | 181.03 |
Aug 1, 1987 | 181.04 |
Jul 1, 1987 | 180.70 |
Jun 1, 1987 | 179.63 |
May 1, 1987 | 178.44 |
Apr 1, 1987 | 177.52 |
Mar 1, 1987 | 177.07 |
Feb 1, 1987 | 176.92 |
Jan 1, 1987 | 176.45 |
Dec 1, 1986 | 169.23 |
Sep 1, 1986 | 167.07 |
Jun 1, 1986 | 165.41 |
Mar 1, 1986 | 163.10 |
Dec 1, 1985 | 159.25 |
Sep 1, 1985 | 158.81 |
Jun 1, 1985 | 157.17 |
Mar 1, 1985 | 156.46 |
Dec 1, 1984 | 155.92 |
Sep 1, 1984 | 154.90 |
Jun 1, 1984 | 155.31 |
Mar 1, 1984 | 154.46 |
Dec 1, 1983 | 154.17 |
Sep 1, 1983 | 154.51 |
Jun 1, 1983 | 155.40 |
Mar 1, 1983 | 156.06 |
Dec 1, 1982 | 153.72 |
Sep 1, 1982 | 152.15 |
Jun 1, 1982 | 154.52 |
Mar 1, 1982 | 157.87 |
Dec 1, 1981 | 157.04 |
Sep 1, 1981 | 157.90 |
Jun 1, 1981 | 160.25 |
Mar 1, 1981 | 160.21 |
Dec 1, 1980 | 163.29 |
Sep 1, 1980 | 167.34 |
Jun 1, 1980 | 164.89 |
Mar 1, 1980 | 167.64 |
Dec 1, 1979 | 172.27 |
Sep 1, 1979 | 173.59 |
Jun 1, 1979 | 175.29 |
Mar 1, 1979 | 176.26 |
Dec 1, 1978 | 173.53 |
Sep 1, 1978 | 171.52 |
Jun 1, 1978 | 170.08 |
Mar 1, 1978 | 168.04 |
Dec 1, 1977 | 166.24 |
Sep 1, 1977 | 162.56 |
Jun 1, 1977 | 160.83 |
Mar 1, 1977 | 156.87 |
Dec 1, 1976 | 155.32 |
Sep 1, 1976 | 154.61 |
Jun 1, 1976 | 155.23 |
Mar 1, 1976 | 152.35 |
Dec 1, 1975 | 151.34 |
Sep 1, 1975 | 151.32 |
Jun 1, 1975 | 154.80 |
Mar 1, 1975 | 153.75 |
Dec 1, 1974 | 149.25 |
Sep 1, 1974 | 148.87 |
Jun 1, 1974 | 150.74 |
Mar 1, 1974 | 151.67 |
Dec 1, 1973 | 153.37 |
Sep 1, 1973 | 153.94 |
Jun 1, 1973 | 156.04 |
Mar 1, 1973 | 158.84 |
Dec 1, 1972 | 162.04 |
Sep 1, 1972 | 163.45 |
Jun 1, 1972 | 162.17 |
Mar 1, 1972 | 162.38 |
Dec 1, 1971 | 162.16 |
Sep 1, 1971 | 161.43 |
Jun 1, 1971 | 159.98 |
Mar 1, 1971 | 160.64 |
Dec 1, 1970 | 160.39 |
Sep 1, 1970 | 159.55 |
Jun 1, 1970 | 158.13 |
Mar 1, 1970 | 157.82 |
Dec 1, 1969 | 156.49 |
Sep 1, 1969 | 155.86 |
Jun 1, 1969 | 154.99 |
Mar 1, 1969 | 155.25 |
Dec 1, 1968 | 154.72 |
Sep 1, 1968 | 153.65 |
Jun 1, 1968 | 153.86 |
Mar 1, 1968 | 155.50 |
Dec 1, 1967 | 156.40 |
Sep 1, 1967 | 156.29 |
Jun 1, 1967 | 156.55 |
Mar 1, 1967 | 157.34 |
Dec 1, 1966 | 157.76 |
Sep 1, 1966 | 158.03 |
Jun 1, 1966 | 159.33 |
Mar 1, 1966 | 160.44 |
Dec 1, 1965 | 161.07 |
Sep 1, 1965 | 160.38 |
Jun 1, 1965 | 160.10 |
Mar 1, 1965 | 162.42 |
Dec 1, 1964 | 161.93 |
Sep 1, 1964 | 161.27 |
Jun 1, 1964 | 160.84 |
Mar 1, 1964 | 161.98 |
Dec 1, 1963 | 160.85 |
Sep 1, 1963 | 160.99 |
Jun 1, 1963 | 161.28 |
Mar 1, 1963 | 160.78 |
Dec 1, 1962 | 160.79 |
Sep 1, 1962 | 161.14 |
Jun 1, 1962 | 161.86 |
Mar 1, 1962 | 161.87 |
Dec 1, 1961 | 161.95 |
Sep 1, 1961 | 161.19 |
Jun 1, 1961 | 161.57 |
Mar 1, 1961 | 161.86 |
Dec 1, 1960 | 162.15 |
Sep 1, 1960 | 162.36 |
Jun 1, 1960 | 162.01 |
Mar 1, 1960 | 163.47 |
Dec 1, 1959 | 163.35 |
Sep 1, 1959 | 162.95 |
Jun 1, 1959 | 164.37 |
Mar 1, 1959 | 165.09 |
Dec 1, 1958 | 165.33 |
Sep 1, 1958 | 165.63 |
Jun 1, 1958 | 166.42 |
Mar 1, 1958 | 165.72 |
Dec 1, 1957 | 167.50 |
Sep 1, 1957 | 166.86 |
Jun 1, 1957 | 168.05 |
Mar 1, 1957 | 168.04 |
Dec 1, 1956 | 167.67 |
Sep 1, 1956 | 169.02 |
Jun 1, 1956 | 166.99 |
Mar 1, 1956 | 170.14 |
Dec 1, 1955 | 171.51 |
Sep 1, 1955 | 170.87 |
Jun 1, 1955 | 170.25 |
Mar 1, 1955 | 171.43 |
Dec 1, 1954 | 171.62 |
Sep 1, 1954 | 170.72 |
Jun 1, 1954 | 168.98 |
Mar 1, 1954 | 169.05 |
Dec 1, 1953 | 168.98 |
Sep 1, 1953 | 168.92 |
Jun 1, 1953 | 168.90 |
Mar 1, 1953 | 169.64 |
Dec 1, 1952 | 152.61 |
Dec 1, 1951 | 147.27 |
Dec 1, 1950 | 147.20 |
Dec 1, 1949 | 150.46 |
Dec 1, 1948 | 147.21 |
Dec 1, 1947 | 148.55 |
Dec 1, 1946 | 133.33 |
Dec 1, 1945 | 126.92 |
Dec 1, 1944 | 116.09 |
Dec 1, 1943 | 101.87 |
Dec 1, 1942 | 94.11 |
Dec 1, 1941 | 99.30 |
Dec 1, 1940 | 119.15 |
Dec 1, 1939 | 116.16 |
Dec 1, 1938 | 117.69 |
Dec 1, 1937 | 115.43 |
Dec 1, 1936 | 115.76 |
Dec 1, 1935 | 113.78 |
Dec 1, 1934 | 106.75 |
Dec 1, 1933 | 105.31 |
Dec 1, 1932 | 110.32 |
Dec 1, 1931 | 110.55 |
Dec 1, 1930 | 109.15 |
Dec 1, 1929 | 106.76 |
Dec 1, 1928 | 109.64 |
Dec 1, 1927 | 106.78 |
Dec 1, 1926 | 108.41 |
Dec 1, 1925 | 111.72 |
Dec 1, 1924 | 109.86 |
Dec 1, 1923 | 109.65 |
Dec 1, 1922 | 110.61 |
Dec 1, 1921 | 106.57 |
Dec 1, 1920 | 97.21 |
Dec 1, 1919 | 91.04 |
Dec 1, 1918 | 94.82 |
Dec 1, 1917 | 107.36 |
Dec 1, 1916 | 124.27 |
Dec 1, 1915 | 127.83 |
Dec 1, 1914 | 141.99 |
Dec 1, 1913 | 138.27 |
Dec 1, 1912 | 142.55 |
Dec 1, 1911 | 147.27 |
Dec 1, 1910 | 147.62 |
Dec 1, 1909 | 126.28 |
Dec 1, 1908 | 142.80 |
Dec 1, 1907 | 163.48 |
Dec 1, 1906 | 145.01 |
Dec 1, 1905 | 128.99 |
Dec 1, 1904 | 147.21 |
Dec 1, 1903 | 147.31 |
Dec 1, 1902 | 137.08 |
Dec 1, 1901 | 124.56 |
Dec 1, 1900 | 155.88 |
Dec 1, 1899 | 131.33 |
Dec 1, 1898 | 160.54 |
Dec 1, 1897 | 153.02 |
Dec 1, 1896 | 148.34 |
Dec 1, 1895 | 168.69 |
Dec 1, 1894 | 191.17 |
Dec 1, 1893 | 153.11 |
Dec 1, 1892 | 135.85 |
Dec 1, 1891 | 135.03 |
Dec 1, 1890 | 142.49 |
US national index levels, not seasonally adjusted. Historic prices are inflation adjusted September, 2023 dollars.
Data is courtesy
Robert Shiller, from
his book, Irrational Exuberance, and
Standard and Poor’s.