Date | Index Value |
---|---|
Oct 1, 2017 | 206.39 |
Sep 1, 2017 | 205.92 |
Aug 1, 2017 | 206.44 |
Jul 1, 2017 | 206.13 |
Jun 1, 2017 | 204.64 |
May 1, 2017 | 202.98 |
Apr 1, 2017 | 201.01 |
Mar 1, 2017 | 199.43 |
Feb 1, 2017 | 197.96 |
Jan 1, 2017 | 198.17 |
Dec 1, 2016 | 199.07 |
Nov 1, 2016 | 198.92 |
Oct 1, 2016 | 198.36 |
Sep 1, 2016 | 198.50 |
Aug 1, 2016 | 198.64 |
Jul 1, 2016 | 198.12 |
Jun 1, 2016 | 196.58 |
May 1, 2016 | 195.51 |
Apr 1, 2016 | 194.27 |
Mar 1, 2016 | 193.13 |
Feb 1, 2016 | 192.52 |
Jan 1, 2016 | 192.42 |
Dec 1, 2015 | 192.80 |
Nov 1, 2015 | 192.17 |
Oct 1, 2015 | 191.64 |
Sep 1, 2015 | 191.54 |
Aug 1, 2015 | 191.11 |
Jul 1, 2015 | 190.35 |
Jun 1, 2015 | 189.23 |
May 1, 2015 | 188.14 |
Apr 1, 2015 | 187.02 |
Mar 1, 2015 | 185.33 |
Feb 1, 2015 | 184.82 |
Jan 1, 2015 | 185.18 |
Dec 1, 2014 | 184.54 |
Nov 1, 2014 | 183.71 |
Oct 1, 2014 | 182.99 |
Sep 1, 2014 | 182.89 |
Aug 1, 2014 | 183.25 |
Jul 1, 2014 | 182.59 |
Jun 1, 2014 | 181.52 |
May 1, 2014 | 180.19 |
Apr 1, 2014 | 178.94 |
Mar 1, 2014 | 177.57 |
Feb 1, 2014 | 177.26 |
Jan 1, 2014 | 177.35 |
Dec 1, 2013 | 177.91 |
Nov 1, 2013 | 177.99 |
Oct 1, 2013 | 177.82 |
Sep 1, 2013 | 177.49 |
Aug 1, 2013 | 177.38 |
Jul 1, 2013 | 176.36 |
Jun 1, 2013 | 174.37 |
May 1, 2013 | 171.91 |
Apr 1, 2013 | 168.99 |
Mar 1, 2013 | 165.45 |
Feb 1, 2013 | 162.73 |
Jan 1, 2013 | 163.10 |
Dec 1, 2012 | 163.08 |
Nov 1, 2012 | 162.75 |
Oct 1, 2012 | 161.98 |
Sep 1, 2012 | 162.35 |
Aug 1, 2012 | 163.47 |
Jul 1, 2012 | 163.90 |
Jun 1, 2012 | 162.38 |
May 1, 2012 | 159.74 |
Apr 1, 2012 | 156.63 |
Mar 1, 2012 | 154.15 |
Feb 1, 2012 | 153.17 |
Jan 1, 2012 | 154.03 |
Dec 1, 2011 | 155.86 |
Nov 1, 2011 | 157.19 |
Oct 1, 2011 | 159.07 |
Sep 1, 2011 | 160.76 |
Aug 1, 2011 | 162.85 |
Jul 1, 2011 | 163.94 |
Jun 1, 2011 | 163.63 |
May 1, 2011 | 162.01 |
Apr 1, 2011 | 161.00 |
Mar 1, 2011 | 160.46 |
Feb 1, 2011 | 161.96 |
Jan 1, 2011 | 164.30 |
Dec 1, 2010 | 166.97 |
Nov 1, 2010 | 168.67 |
Oct 1, 2010 | 170.29 |
Sep 1, 2010 | 172.25 |
Aug 1, 2010 | 174.51 |
Jul 1, 2010 | 176.11 |
Jun 1, 2010 | 176.33 |
May 1, 2010 | 175.36 |
Apr 1, 2010 | 173.55 |
Mar 1, 2010 | 171.71 |
Feb 1, 2010 | 171.76 |
Jan 1, 2010 | 174.14 |
Dec 1, 2009 | 176.76 |
Nov 1, 2009 | 177.97 |
Oct 1, 2009 | 178.88 |
Sep 1, 2009 | 180.31 |
Aug 1, 2009 | 181.67 |
Jul 1, 2009 | 182.18 |
Jun 1, 2009 | 180.74 |
May 1, 2009 | 180.32 |
Apr 1, 2009 | 179.34 |
Mar 1, 2009 | 179.27 |
Feb 1, 2009 | 181.05 |
Jan 1, 2009 | 184.10 |
Dec 1, 2008 | 188.85 |
Nov 1, 2008 | 191.20 |
Oct 1, 2008 | 191.27 |
Sep 1, 2008 | 192.61 |
Aug 1, 2008 | 195.15 |
Jul 1, 2008 | 196.07 |
Jun 1, 2008 | 198.07 |
May 1, 2008 | 200.64 |
Apr 1, 2008 | 202.70 |
Mar 1, 2008 | 204.65 |
Feb 1, 2008 | 208.01 |
Jan 1, 2008 | 210.93 |
Dec 1, 2007 | 214.78 |
Nov 1, 2007 | 216.90 |
Oct 1, 2007 | 221.13 |
Sep 1, 2007 | 223.58 |
Aug 1, 2007 | 225.60 |
Jul 1, 2007 | 226.12 |
Jun 1, 2007 | 226.75 |
May 1, 2007 | 227.62 |
Apr 1, 2007 | 229.32 |
Mar 1, 2007 | 230.89 |
Feb 1, 2007 | 233.35 |
Jan 1, 2007 | 234.92 |
Dec 1, 2006 | 236.30 |
Nov 1, 2006 | 237.16 |
Oct 1, 2006 | 237.35 |
Sep 1, 2006 | 236.26 |
Aug 1, 2006 | 235.35 |
Jul 1, 2006 | 236.09 |
Jun 1, 2006 | 236.69 |
May 1, 2006 | 236.94 |
Apr 1, 2006 | 237.18 |
Mar 1, 2006 | 238.02 |
Feb 1, 2006 | 237.72 |
Jan 1, 2006 | 237.30 |
Dec 1, 2005 | 238.16 |
Nov 1, 2005 | 236.63 |
Oct 1, 2005 | 233.51 |
Sep 1, 2005 | 232.49 |
Aug 1, 2005 | 233.09 |
Jul 1, 2005 | 231.86 |
Jun 1, 2005 | 230.14 |
May 1, 2005 | 226.95 |
Apr 1, 2005 | 223.32 |
Mar 1, 2005 | 221.56 |
Feb 1, 2005 | 219.70 |
Jan 1, 2005 | 218.53 |
Dec 1, 2004 | 216.98 |
Nov 1, 2004 | 214.59 |
Oct 1, 2004 | 213.06 |
Sep 1, 2004 | 212.55 |
Aug 1, 2004 | 211.22 |
Jul 1, 2004 | 209.31 |
Jun 1, 2004 | 206.48 |
May 1, 2004 | 204.14 |
Apr 1, 2004 | 202.34 |
Mar 1, 2004 | 200.09 |
Feb 1, 2004 | 198.51 |
Jan 1, 2004 | 197.72 |
Dec 1, 2003 | 197.16 |
Nov 1, 2003 | 195.73 |
Oct 1, 2003 | 194.09 |
Sep 1, 2003 | 192.61 |
Aug 1, 2003 | 191.66 |
Jul 1, 2003 | 190.54 |
Jun 1, 2003 | 188.73 |
May 1, 2003 | 186.97 |
Apr 1, 2003 | 184.75 |
Mar 1, 2003 | 182.68 |
Feb 1, 2003 | 182.39 |
Jan 1, 2003 | 182.82 |
Dec 1, 2002 | 182.91 |
Nov 1, 2002 | 181.77 |
Oct 1, 2002 | 181.04 |
Sep 1, 2002 | 180.42 |
Aug 1, 2002 | 179.63 |
Jul 1, 2002 | 178.72 |
Jun 1, 2002 | 176.95 |
May 1, 2002 | 174.82 |
Apr 1, 2002 | 172.54 |
Mar 1, 2002 | 171.64 |
Feb 1, 2002 | 171.12 |
Jan 1, 2002 | 171.10 |
Dec 1, 2001 | 170.92 |
Nov 1, 2001 | 169.93 |
Oct 1, 2001 | 169.41 |
Sep 1, 2001 | 168.53 |
Aug 1, 2001 | 168.58 |
Jul 1, 2001 | 167.47 |
Jun 1, 2001 | 165.60 |
May 1, 2001 | 164.31 |
Apr 1, 2001 | 163.65 |
Mar 1, 2001 | 163.05 |
Feb 1, 2001 | 162.30 |
Jan 1, 2001 | 162.32 |
Dec 1, 2000 | 162.70 |
Nov 1, 2000 | 161.86 |
Oct 1, 2000 | 161.12 |
Sep 1, 2000 | 160.51 |
Aug 1, 2000 | 160.41 |
Jul 1, 2000 | 159.21 |
Jun 1, 2000 | 158.28 |
May 1, 2000 | 157.35 |
Apr 1, 2000 | 155.77 |
Mar 1, 2000 | 154.24 |
Feb 1, 2000 | 154.13 |
Jan 1, 2000 | 154.16 |
Dec 1, 1999 | 153.97 |
Nov 1, 1999 | 153.37 |
Oct 1, 1999 | 152.97 |
Sep 1, 1999 | 152.57 |
Aug 1, 1999 | 152.51 |
Jul 1, 1999 | 151.78 |
Jun 1, 1999 | 150.94 |
May 1, 1999 | 149.37 |
Apr 1, 1999 | 147.92 |
Mar 1, 1999 | 147.68 |
Feb 1, 1999 | 147.14 |
Jan 1, 1999 | 146.89 |
Dec 1, 1998 | 146.82 |
Nov 1, 1998 | 146.35 |
Oct 1, 1998 | 146.03 |
Sep 1, 1998 | 145.99 |
Aug 1, 1998 | 145.63 |
Jul 1, 1998 | 144.93 |
Jun 1, 1998 | 144.05 |
May 1, 1998 | 142.92 |
Apr 1, 1998 | 141.87 |
Mar 1, 1998 | 141.04 |
Feb 1, 1998 | 140.50 |
Jan 1, 1998 | 140.42 |
Dec 1, 1997 | 140.17 |
Nov 1, 1997 | 139.65 |
Oct 1, 1997 | 139.20 |
Sep 1, 1997 | 139.38 |
Aug 1, 1997 | 139.47 |
Jul 1, 1997 | 139.24 |
Jun 1, 1997 | 138.69 |
May 1, 1997 | 138.00 |
Apr 1, 1997 | 137.02 |
Mar 1, 1997 | 136.52 |
Feb 1, 1997 | 136.34 |
Jan 1, 1997 | 136.67 |
Dec 1, 1996 | 137.04 |
Nov 1, 1996 | 137.15 |
Oct 1, 1996 | 137.53 |
Sep 1, 1996 | 138.08 |
Aug 1, 1996 | 138.44 |
Jul 1, 1996 | 138.32 |
Jun 1, 1996 | 137.97 |
May 1, 1996 | 137.31 |
Apr 1, 1996 | 136.77 |
Mar 1, 1996 | 136.53 |
Feb 1, 1996 | 136.78 |
Jan 1, 1996 | 137.28 |
Dec 1, 1995 | 138.24 |
Nov 1, 1995 | 138.33 |
Oct 1, 1995 | 138.41 |
Sep 1, 1995 | 138.88 |
Aug 1, 1995 | 139.00 |
Jul 1, 1995 | 138.95 |
Jun 1, 1995 | 138.37 |
May 1, 1995 | 138.00 |
Apr 1, 1995 | 137.72 |
Mar 1, 1995 | 137.68 |
Feb 1, 1995 | 137.98 |
Jan 1, 1995 | 138.58 |
Dec 1, 1994 | 139.22 |
Nov 1, 1994 | 139.38 |
Oct 1, 1994 | 139.79 |
Sep 1, 1994 | 139.96 |
Aug 1, 1994 | 140.30 |
Jul 1, 1994 | 140.43 |
Jun 1, 1994 | 140.15 |
May 1, 1994 | 139.77 |
Apr 1, 1994 | 138.96 |
Mar 1, 1994 | 138.53 |
Feb 1, 1994 | 138.74 |
Jan 1, 1994 | 139.21 |
Dec 1, 1993 | 139.43 |
Nov 1, 1993 | 139.54 |
Oct 1, 1993 | 139.63 |
Sep 1, 1993 | 140.25 |
Aug 1, 1993 | 140.41 |
Jul 1, 1993 | 140.37 |
Jun 1, 1993 | 139.70 |
May 1, 1993 | 139.01 |
Apr 1, 1993 | 138.55 |
Mar 1, 1993 | 138.43 |
Feb 1, 1993 | 138.81 |
Jan 1, 1993 | 139.42 |
Dec 1, 1992 | 140.24 |
Nov 1, 1992 | 140.36 |
Oct 1, 1992 | 140.58 |
Sep 1, 1992 | 141.13 |
Aug 1, 1992 | 141.71 |
Jul 1, 1992 | 142.08 |
Jun 1, 1992 | 142.18 |
May 1, 1992 | 142.32 |
Apr 1, 1992 | 141.92 |
Mar 1, 1992 | 141.62 |
Feb 1, 1992 | 142.04 |
Jan 1, 1992 | 142.65 |
Dec 1, 1991 | 143.10 |
Nov 1, 1991 | 143.60 |
Oct 1, 1991 | 144.49 |
Sep 1, 1991 | 145.23 |
Aug 1, 1991 | 145.91 |
Jul 1, 1991 | 146.18 |
Jun 1, 1991 | 145.90 |
May 1, 1991 | 145.41 |
Apr 1, 1991 | 144.95 |
Mar 1, 1991 | 144.84 |
Feb 1, 1991 | 145.27 |
Jan 1, 1991 | 146.03 |
Dec 1, 1990 | 147.75 |
Nov 1, 1990 | 148.55 |
Oct 1, 1990 | 149.92 |
Sep 1, 1990 | 151.43 |
Aug 1, 1990 | 153.19 |
Jul 1, 1990 | 154.78 |
Jun 1, 1990 | 155.26 |
May 1, 1990 | 155.69 |
Apr 1, 1990 | 155.53 |
Mar 1, 1990 | 155.27 |
Feb 1, 1990 | 155.71 |
Jan 1, 1990 | 156.32 |
Dec 1, 1989 | 157.87 |
Nov 1, 1989 | 158.16 |
Oct 1, 1989 | 158.48 |
Sep 1, 1989 | 159.11 |
Aug 1, 1989 | 159.31 |
Jul 1, 1989 | 159.09 |
Jun 1, 1989 | 158.74 |
May 1, 1989 | 158.28 |
Apr 1, 1989 | 158.27 |
Mar 1, 1989 | 158.33 |
Feb 1, 1989 | 158.30 |
Jan 1, 1989 | 158.20 |
Dec 1, 1988 | 158.28 |
Nov 1, 1988 | 158.08 |
Oct 1, 1988 | 157.67 |
Sep 1, 1988 | 157.66 |
Aug 1, 1988 | 157.89 |
Jul 1, 1988 | 157.46 |
Jun 1, 1988 | 156.75 |
May 1, 1988 | 155.96 |
Apr 1, 1988 | 155.12 |
Mar 1, 1988 | 154.89 |
Feb 1, 1988 | 154.63 |
Jan 1, 1988 | 154.29 |
Dec 1, 1987 | 154.15 |
Nov 1, 1987 | 153.59 |
Oct 1, 1987 | 153.29 |
Sep 1, 1987 | 153.06 |
Aug 1, 1987 | 153.07 |
Jul 1, 1987 | 152.78 |
Jun 1, 1987 | 151.87 |
May 1, 1987 | 150.87 |
Apr 1, 1987 | 150.09 |
Mar 1, 1987 | 149.71 |
Feb 1, 1987 | 149.59 |
Jan 1, 1987 | 149.19 |
Dec 1, 1986 | 143.08 |
Sep 1, 1986 | 141.26 |
Jun 1, 1986 | 139.85 |
Mar 1, 1986 | 137.90 |
Dec 1, 1985 | 134.64 |
Sep 1, 1985 | 134.27 |
Jun 1, 1985 | 132.88 |
Mar 1, 1985 | 132.28 |
Dec 1, 1984 | 131.83 |
Sep 1, 1984 | 130.96 |
Jun 1, 1984 | 131.31 |
Mar 1, 1984 | 130.60 |
Dec 1, 1983 | 130.34 |
Sep 1, 1983 | 130.64 |
Jun 1, 1983 | 131.39 |
Mar 1, 1983 | 131.95 |
Dec 1, 1982 | 129.97 |
Sep 1, 1982 | 128.64 |
Jun 1, 1982 | 130.64 |
Mar 1, 1982 | 133.48 |
Dec 1, 1981 | 132.77 |
Sep 1, 1981 | 133.50 |
Jun 1, 1981 | 135.49 |
Mar 1, 1981 | 135.46 |
Dec 1, 1980 | 138.05 |
Sep 1, 1980 | 141.48 |
Jun 1, 1980 | 139.41 |
Mar 1, 1980 | 141.74 |
Dec 1, 1979 | 145.65 |
Sep 1, 1979 | 146.77 |
Jun 1, 1979 | 148.20 |
Mar 1, 1979 | 149.02 |
Dec 1, 1978 | 146.72 |
Sep 1, 1978 | 145.01 |
Jun 1, 1978 | 143.80 |
Mar 1, 1978 | 142.08 |
Dec 1, 1977 | 140.55 |
Sep 1, 1977 | 137.44 |
Jun 1, 1977 | 135.98 |
Mar 1, 1977 | 132.63 |
Dec 1, 1976 | 131.32 |
Sep 1, 1976 | 130.72 |
Jun 1, 1976 | 131.24 |
Mar 1, 1976 | 128.81 |
Dec 1, 1975 | 127.95 |
Sep 1, 1975 | 127.94 |
Jun 1, 1975 | 130.88 |
Mar 1, 1975 | 129.99 |
Dec 1, 1974 | 126.19 |
Sep 1, 1974 | 125.87 |
Jun 1, 1974 | 127.45 |
Mar 1, 1974 | 128.24 |
Dec 1, 1973 | 129.67 |
Sep 1, 1973 | 130.16 |
Jun 1, 1973 | 131.93 |
Mar 1, 1973 | 134.30 |
Dec 1, 1972 | 137.00 |
Sep 1, 1972 | 138.20 |
Jun 1, 1972 | 137.11 |
Mar 1, 1972 | 137.29 |
Dec 1, 1971 | 137.10 |
Sep 1, 1971 | 136.48 |
Jun 1, 1971 | 135.26 |
Mar 1, 1971 | 135.81 |
Dec 1, 1970 | 135.61 |
Sep 1, 1970 | 134.89 |
Jun 1, 1970 | 133.70 |
Mar 1, 1970 | 133.44 |
Dec 1, 1969 | 132.31 |
Sep 1, 1969 | 131.78 |
Jun 1, 1969 | 131.04 |
Mar 1, 1969 | 131.26 |
Dec 1, 1968 | 130.81 |
Sep 1, 1968 | 129.90 |
Jun 1, 1968 | 130.08 |
Mar 1, 1968 | 131.47 |
Dec 1, 1967 | 132.24 |
Sep 1, 1967 | 132.14 |
Jun 1, 1967 | 132.36 |
Mar 1, 1967 | 133.02 |
Dec 1, 1966 | 133.38 |
Sep 1, 1966 | 133.61 |
Jun 1, 1966 | 134.71 |
Mar 1, 1966 | 135.65 |
Dec 1, 1965 | 136.19 |
Sep 1, 1965 | 135.60 |
Jun 1, 1965 | 135.36 |
Mar 1, 1965 | 137.32 |
Dec 1, 1964 | 136.91 |
Sep 1, 1964 | 136.35 |
Jun 1, 1964 | 135.98 |
Mar 1, 1964 | 136.95 |
Dec 1, 1963 | 135.99 |
Sep 1, 1963 | 136.11 |
Jun 1, 1963 | 136.36 |
Mar 1, 1963 | 135.94 |
Dec 1, 1962 | 135.95 |
Sep 1, 1962 | 136.24 |
Jun 1, 1962 | 136.85 |
Mar 1, 1962 | 136.86 |
Dec 1, 1961 | 136.92 |
Sep 1, 1961 | 136.28 |
Jun 1, 1961 | 136.60 |
Mar 1, 1961 | 136.85 |
Dec 1, 1960 | 137.10 |
Sep 1, 1960 | 137.28 |
Jun 1, 1960 | 136.98 |
Mar 1, 1960 | 138.21 |
Dec 1, 1959 | 138.11 |
Sep 1, 1959 | 137.77 |
Jun 1, 1959 | 138.97 |
Mar 1, 1959 | 139.58 |
Dec 1, 1958 | 139.78 |
Sep 1, 1958 | 140.04 |
Jun 1, 1958 | 140.70 |
Mar 1, 1958 | 140.11 |
Dec 1, 1957 | 141.62 |
Sep 1, 1957 | 141.08 |
Jun 1, 1957 | 142.08 |
Mar 1, 1957 | 142.07 |
Dec 1, 1956 | 141.76 |
Sep 1, 1956 | 142.91 |
Jun 1, 1956 | 141.19 |
Mar 1, 1956 | 143.85 |
Dec 1, 1955 | 145.00 |
Sep 1, 1955 | 144.46 |
Jun 1, 1955 | 143.94 |
Mar 1, 1955 | 144.94 |
Dec 1, 1954 | 145.10 |
Sep 1, 1954 | 144.34 |
Jun 1, 1954 | 142.87 |
Mar 1, 1954 | 142.93 |
Dec 1, 1953 | 142.87 |
Sep 1, 1953 | 142.82 |
Jun 1, 1953 | 142.80 |
Mar 1, 1953 | 143.43 |
Dec 1, 1952 | 129.03 |
Dec 1, 1951 | 124.51 |
Dec 1, 1950 | 124.46 |
Dec 1, 1949 | 127.21 |
Dec 1, 1948 | 124.46 |
Dec 1, 1947 | 125.60 |
Dec 1, 1946 | 112.73 |
Dec 1, 1945 | 107.30 |
Dec 1, 1944 | 98.16 |
Dec 1, 1943 | 86.13 |
Dec 1, 1942 | 79.57 |
Dec 1, 1941 | 83.96 |
Dec 1, 1940 | 100.74 |
Dec 1, 1939 | 98.21 |
Dec 1, 1938 | 99.51 |
Dec 1, 1937 | 97.60 |
Dec 1, 1936 | 97.88 |
Dec 1, 1935 | 96.20 |
Dec 1, 1934 | 90.26 |
Dec 1, 1933 | 89.04 |
Dec 1, 1932 | 93.27 |
Dec 1, 1931 | 93.47 |
Dec 1, 1930 | 92.28 |
Dec 1, 1929 | 90.26 |
Dec 1, 1928 | 92.70 |
Dec 1, 1927 | 90.28 |
Dec 1, 1926 | 91.66 |
Dec 1, 1925 | 94.45 |
Dec 1, 1924 | 92.88 |
Dec 1, 1923 | 92.70 |
Dec 1, 1922 | 93.52 |
Dec 1, 1921 | 90.10 |
Dec 1, 1920 | 82.19 |
Dec 1, 1919 | 76.97 |
Dec 1, 1918 | 80.17 |
Dec 1, 1917 | 90.77 |
Dec 1, 1916 | 105.06 |
Dec 1, 1915 | 108.07 |
Dec 1, 1914 | 120.05 |
Dec 1, 1913 | 116.91 |
Dec 1, 1912 | 120.52 |
Dec 1, 1911 | 124.51 |
Dec 1, 1910 | 124.81 |
Dec 1, 1909 | 106.77 |
Dec 1, 1908 | 120.73 |
Dec 1, 1907 | 138.22 |
Dec 1, 1906 | 122.60 |
Dec 1, 1905 | 109.06 |
Dec 1, 1904 | 124.46 |
Dec 1, 1903 | 124.55 |
Dec 1, 1902 | 115.90 |
Dec 1, 1901 | 105.32 |
Dec 1, 1900 | 131.79 |
Dec 1, 1899 | 111.04 |
Dec 1, 1898 | 135.73 |
Dec 1, 1897 | 129.38 |
Dec 1, 1896 | 125.41 |
Dec 1, 1895 | 142.62 |
Dec 1, 1894 | 161.63 |
Dec 1, 1893 | 129.45 |
Dec 1, 1892 | 114.86 |
Dec 1, 1891 | 114.17 |
Dec 1, 1890 | 120.47 |
US national index levels, not seasonally adjusted. Historic prices are inflation adjusted November, 2020 dollars.
Data is courtesy
Robert Shiller, from
his book, Irrational Exuberance, and
Standard and Poor’s.