Date | Value |
---|---|
Oct 1, 2017 | 253.63 |
Sep 1, 2017 | 253.06 |
Aug 1, 2017 | 253.70 |
Jul 1, 2017 | 253.32 |
Jun 1, 2017 | 251.49 |
May 1, 2017 | 249.44 |
Apr 1, 2017 | 247.03 |
Mar 1, 2017 | 245.08 |
Feb 1, 2017 | 243.27 |
Jan 1, 2017 | 243.54 |
Dec 1, 2016 | 244.64 |
Nov 1, 2016 | 244.45 |
Oct 1, 2016 | 243.77 |
Sep 1, 2016 | 243.94 |
Aug 1, 2016 | 244.12 |
Jul 1, 2016 | 243.48 |
Jun 1, 2016 | 241.58 |
May 1, 2016 | 240.26 |
Apr 1, 2016 | 238.75 |
Mar 1, 2016 | 237.34 |
Feb 1, 2016 | 236.59 |
Jan 1, 2016 | 236.47 |
Dec 1, 2015 | 236.94 |
Nov 1, 2015 | 236.15 |
Oct 1, 2015 | 235.51 |
Sep 1, 2015 | 235.39 |
Aug 1, 2015 | 234.86 |
Jul 1, 2015 | 233.93 |
Jun 1, 2015 | 232.55 |
May 1, 2015 | 231.21 |
Apr 1, 2015 | 229.83 |
Mar 1, 2015 | 227.76 |
Feb 1, 2015 | 227.12 |
Jan 1, 2015 | 227.57 |
Dec 1, 2014 | 226.79 |
Nov 1, 2014 | 225.76 |
Oct 1, 2014 | 224.88 |
Sep 1, 2014 | 224.76 |
Aug 1, 2014 | 225.20 |
Jul 1, 2014 | 224.39 |
Jun 1, 2014 | 223.07 |
May 1, 2014 | 221.44 |
Apr 1, 2014 | 219.91 |
Mar 1, 2014 | 218.22 |
Feb 1, 2014 | 217.84 |
Jan 1, 2014 | 217.95 |
Dec 1, 2013 | 218.64 |
Nov 1, 2013 | 218.73 |
Oct 1, 2013 | 218.53 |
Sep 1, 2013 | 218.12 |
Aug 1, 2013 | 217.99 |
Jul 1, 2013 | 216.73 |
Jun 1, 2013 | 214.28 |
May 1, 2013 | 211.27 |
Apr 1, 2013 | 207.67 |
Mar 1, 2013 | 203.32 |
Feb 1, 2013 | 199.98 |
Jan 1, 2013 | 200.44 |
Dec 1, 2012 | 200.42 |
Nov 1, 2012 | 200.00 |
Oct 1, 2012 | 199.05 |
Sep 1, 2012 | 199.52 |
Aug 1, 2012 | 200.89 |
Jul 1, 2012 | 201.42 |
Jun 1, 2012 | 199.55 |
May 1, 2012 | 196.31 |
Apr 1, 2012 | 192.49 |
Mar 1, 2012 | 189.43 |
Feb 1, 2012 | 188.23 |
Jan 1, 2012 | 189.28 |
Dec 1, 2011 | 191.53 |
Nov 1, 2011 | 193.17 |
Oct 1, 2011 | 195.48 |
Sep 1, 2011 | 197.55 |
Aug 1, 2011 | 200.13 |
Jul 1, 2011 | 201.47 |
Jun 1, 2011 | 201.08 |
May 1, 2011 | 199.10 |
Apr 1, 2011 | 197.86 |
Mar 1, 2011 | 197.19 |
Feb 1, 2011 | 199.04 |
Jan 1, 2011 | 201.91 |
Dec 1, 2010 | 205.19 |
Nov 1, 2010 | 207.28 |
Oct 1, 2010 | 209.27 |
Sep 1, 2010 | 211.68 |
Aug 1, 2010 | 214.46 |
Jul 1, 2010 | 216.43 |
Jun 1, 2010 | 216.69 |
May 1, 2010 | 215.50 |
Apr 1, 2010 | 213.27 |
Mar 1, 2010 | 211.01 |
Feb 1, 2010 | 211.08 |
Jan 1, 2010 | 214.00 |
Dec 1, 2009 | 217.22 |
Nov 1, 2009 | 218.71 |
Oct 1, 2009 | 219.83 |
Sep 1, 2009 | 221.58 |
Aug 1, 2009 | 223.26 |
Jul 1, 2009 | 223.88 |
Jun 1, 2009 | 222.12 |
May 1, 2009 | 221.60 |
Apr 1, 2009 | 220.40 |
Mar 1, 2009 | 220.30 |
Feb 1, 2009 | 222.50 |
Jan 1, 2009 | 226.24 |
Dec 1, 2008 | 232.07 |
Nov 1, 2008 | 234.97 |
Oct 1, 2008 | 235.05 |
Sep 1, 2008 | 236.70 |
Aug 1, 2008 | 239.83 |
Jul 1, 2008 | 240.95 |
Jun 1, 2008 | 243.41 |
May 1, 2008 | 246.57 |
Apr 1, 2008 | 249.10 |
Mar 1, 2008 | 251.49 |
Feb 1, 2008 | 255.62 |
Jan 1, 2008 | 259.21 |
Dec 1, 2007 | 263.94 |
Nov 1, 2007 | 266.55 |
Oct 1, 2007 | 271.74 |
Sep 1, 2007 | 274.76 |
Aug 1, 2007 | 277.24 |
Jul 1, 2007 | 277.89 |
Jun 1, 2007 | 278.66 |
May 1, 2007 | 279.72 |
Apr 1, 2007 | 281.82 |
Mar 1, 2007 | 283.74 |
Feb 1, 2007 | 286.77 |
Jan 1, 2007 | 288.70 |
Dec 1, 2006 | 290.39 |
Nov 1, 2006 | 291.45 |
Oct 1, 2006 | 291.69 |
Sep 1, 2006 | 290.34 |
Aug 1, 2006 | 289.23 |
Jul 1, 2006 | 290.13 |
Jun 1, 2006 | 290.88 |
May 1, 2006 | 291.18 |
Apr 1, 2006 | 291.47 |
Mar 1, 2006 | 292.51 |
Feb 1, 2006 | 292.13 |
Jan 1, 2006 | 291.63 |
Dec 1, 2005 | 292.68 |
Nov 1, 2005 | 290.80 |
Oct 1, 2005 | 286.97 |
Sep 1, 2005 | 285.71 |
Aug 1, 2005 | 286.45 |
Jul 1, 2005 | 284.94 |
Jun 1, 2005 | 282.82 |
May 1, 2005 | 278.90 |
Apr 1, 2005 | 274.44 |
Mar 1, 2005 | 272.28 |
Feb 1, 2005 | 270.00 |
Jan 1, 2005 | 268.55 |
Dec 1, 2004 | 266.64 |
Nov 1, 2004 | 263.71 |
Oct 1, 2004 | 261.84 |
Sep 1, 2004 | 261.21 |
Aug 1, 2004 | 259.57 |
Jul 1, 2004 | 257.22 |
Jun 1, 2004 | 253.75 |
May 1, 2004 | 250.87 |
Apr 1, 2004 | 248.66 |
Mar 1, 2004 | 245.89 |
Feb 1, 2004 | 243.95 |
Jan 1, 2004 | 242.97 |
Dec 1, 2003 | 242.29 |
Nov 1, 2003 | 240.53 |
Oct 1, 2003 | 238.52 |
Sep 1, 2003 | 236.71 |
Aug 1, 2003 | 235.54 |
Jul 1, 2003 | 234.15 |
Jun 1, 2003 | 231.94 |
May 1, 2003 | 229.77 |
Apr 1, 2003 | 227.04 |
Mar 1, 2003 | 224.50 |
Feb 1, 2003 | 224.14 |
Jan 1, 2003 | 224.67 |
Dec 1, 2002 | 224.78 |
Nov 1, 2002 | 223.38 |
Oct 1, 2002 | 222.48 |
Sep 1, 2002 | 221.72 |
Aug 1, 2002 | 220.74 |
Jul 1, 2002 | 219.63 |
Jun 1, 2002 | 217.46 |
May 1, 2002 | 214.84 |
Apr 1, 2002 | 212.03 |
Mar 1, 2002 | 210.93 |
Feb 1, 2002 | 210.30 |
Jan 1, 2002 | 210.26 |
Dec 1, 2001 | 210.05 |
Nov 1, 2001 | 208.82 |
Oct 1, 2001 | 208.18 |
Sep 1, 2001 | 207.11 |
Aug 1, 2001 | 207.18 |
Jul 1, 2001 | 205.81 |
Jun 1, 2001 | 203.50 |
May 1, 2001 | 201.92 |
Apr 1, 2001 | 201.12 |
Mar 1, 2001 | 200.37 |
Feb 1, 2001 | 199.45 |
Jan 1, 2001 | 199.48 |
Dec 1, 2000 | 199.95 |
Nov 1, 2000 | 198.91 |
Oct 1, 2000 | 198.00 |
Sep 1, 2000 | 197.26 |
Aug 1, 2000 | 197.14 |
Jul 1, 2000 | 195.65 |
Jun 1, 2000 | 194.51 |
May 1, 2000 | 193.37 |
Apr 1, 2000 | 191.43 |
Mar 1, 2000 | 189.54 |
Feb 1, 2000 | 189.41 |
Jan 1, 2000 | 189.45 |
Dec 1, 1999 | 189.22 |
Nov 1, 1999 | 188.48 |
Oct 1, 1999 | 187.98 |
Sep 1, 1999 | 187.50 |
Aug 1, 1999 | 187.42 |
Jul 1, 1999 | 186.53 |
Jun 1, 1999 | 185.49 |
May 1, 1999 | 183.57 |
Apr 1, 1999 | 181.78 |
Mar 1, 1999 | 181.49 |
Feb 1, 1999 | 180.82 |
Jan 1, 1999 | 180.51 |
Dec 1, 1998 | 180.43 |
Nov 1, 1998 | 179.85 |
Oct 1, 1998 | 179.46 |
Sep 1, 1998 | 179.41 |
Aug 1, 1998 | 178.96 |
Jul 1, 1998 | 178.10 |
Jun 1, 1998 | 177.03 |
May 1, 1998 | 175.63 |
Apr 1, 1998 | 174.34 |
Mar 1, 1998 | 173.33 |
Feb 1, 1998 | 172.66 |
Jan 1, 1998 | 172.56 |
Dec 1, 1997 | 172.25 |
Nov 1, 1997 | 171.62 |
Oct 1, 1997 | 171.06 |
Sep 1, 1997 | 171.29 |
Aug 1, 1997 | 171.39 |
Jul 1, 1997 | 171.12 |
Jun 1, 1997 | 170.43 |
May 1, 1997 | 169.59 |
Apr 1, 1997 | 168.38 |
Mar 1, 1997 | 167.77 |
Feb 1, 1997 | 167.55 |
Jan 1, 1997 | 167.96 |
Dec 1, 1996 | 168.41 |
Nov 1, 1996 | 168.55 |
Oct 1, 1996 | 169.01 |
Sep 1, 1996 | 169.69 |
Aug 1, 1996 | 170.13 |
Jul 1, 1996 | 169.98 |
Jun 1, 1996 | 169.55 |
May 1, 1996 | 168.74 |
Apr 1, 1996 | 168.08 |
Mar 1, 1996 | 167.79 |
Feb 1, 1996 | 168.10 |
Jan 1, 1996 | 168.70 |
Dec 1, 1995 | 169.88 |
Nov 1, 1995 | 170.00 |
Oct 1, 1995 | 170.09 |
Sep 1, 1995 | 170.67 |
Aug 1, 1995 | 170.82 |
Jul 1, 1995 | 170.76 |
Jun 1, 1995 | 170.05 |
May 1, 1995 | 169.59 |
Apr 1, 1995 | 169.25 |
Mar 1, 1995 | 169.19 |
Feb 1, 1995 | 169.56 |
Jan 1, 1995 | 170.30 |
Dec 1, 1994 | 171.09 |
Nov 1, 1994 | 171.29 |
Oct 1, 1994 | 171.79 |
Sep 1, 1994 | 171.99 |
Aug 1, 1994 | 172.41 |
Jul 1, 1994 | 172.57 |
Jun 1, 1994 | 172.24 |
May 1, 1994 | 171.76 |
Apr 1, 1994 | 170.77 |
Mar 1, 1994 | 170.24 |
Feb 1, 1994 | 170.49 |
Jan 1, 1994 | 171.08 |
Dec 1, 1993 | 171.35 |
Nov 1, 1993 | 171.48 |
Oct 1, 1993 | 171.60 |
Sep 1, 1993 | 172.35 |
Aug 1, 1993 | 172.55 |
Jul 1, 1993 | 172.50 |
Jun 1, 1993 | 171.68 |
May 1, 1993 | 170.83 |
Apr 1, 1993 | 170.27 |
Mar 1, 1993 | 170.12 |
Feb 1, 1993 | 170.58 |
Jan 1, 1993 | 171.34 |
Dec 1, 1992 | 172.34 |
Nov 1, 1992 | 172.49 |
Oct 1, 1992 | 172.75 |
Sep 1, 1992 | 173.43 |
Aug 1, 1992 | 174.15 |
Jul 1, 1992 | 174.60 |
Jun 1, 1992 | 174.73 |
May 1, 1992 | 174.89 |
Apr 1, 1992 | 174.41 |
Mar 1, 1992 | 174.04 |
Feb 1, 1992 | 174.55 |
Jan 1, 1992 | 175.30 |
Dec 1, 1991 | 175.85 |
Nov 1, 1991 | 176.47 |
Oct 1, 1991 | 177.57 |
Sep 1, 1991 | 178.48 |
Aug 1, 1991 | 179.31 |
Jul 1, 1991 | 179.65 |
Jun 1, 1991 | 179.30 |
May 1, 1991 | 178.70 |
Apr 1, 1991 | 178.14 |
Mar 1, 1991 | 178.00 |
Feb 1, 1991 | 178.52 |
Jan 1, 1991 | 179.45 |
Dec 1, 1990 | 181.58 |
Nov 1, 1990 | 182.56 |
Oct 1, 1990 | 184.24 |
Sep 1, 1990 | 186.10 |
Aug 1, 1990 | 188.26 |
Jul 1, 1990 | 190.21 |
Jun 1, 1990 | 190.80 |
May 1, 1990 | 191.33 |
Apr 1, 1990 | 191.14 |
Mar 1, 1990 | 190.81 |
Feb 1, 1990 | 191.35 |
Jan 1, 1990 | 192.11 |
Dec 1, 1989 | 194.01 |
Nov 1, 1989 | 194.37 |
Oct 1, 1989 | 194.76 |
Sep 1, 1989 | 195.54 |
Aug 1, 1989 | 195.78 |
Jul 1, 1989 | 195.50 |
Jun 1, 1989 | 195.07 |
May 1, 1989 | 194.51 |
Apr 1, 1989 | 194.50 |
Mar 1, 1989 | 194.57 |
Feb 1, 1989 | 194.54 |
Jan 1, 1989 | 194.41 |
Dec 1, 1988 | 194.51 |
Nov 1, 1988 | 194.27 |
Oct 1, 1988 | 193.77 |
Sep 1, 1988 | 193.75 |
Aug 1, 1988 | 194.03 |
Jul 1, 1988 | 193.50 |
Jun 1, 1988 | 192.64 |
May 1, 1988 | 191.66 |
Apr 1, 1988 | 190.62 |
Mar 1, 1988 | 190.34 |
Feb 1, 1988 | 190.03 |
Jan 1, 1988 | 189.61 |
Dec 1, 1987 | 189.44 |
Nov 1, 1987 | 188.75 |
Oct 1, 1987 | 188.38 |
Sep 1, 1987 | 188.10 |
Aug 1, 1987 | 188.11 |
Jul 1, 1987 | 187.75 |
Jun 1, 1987 | 186.64 |
May 1, 1987 | 185.40 |
Apr 1, 1987 | 184.44 |
Mar 1, 1987 | 183.98 |
Feb 1, 1987 | 183.83 |
Jan 1, 1987 | 183.34 |
Dec 1, 1986 | 175.83 |
Sep 1, 1986 | 173.59 |
Jun 1, 1986 | 171.86 |
Mar 1, 1986 | 169.46 |
Dec 1, 1985 | 165.46 |
Sep 1, 1985 | 165.00 |
Jun 1, 1985 | 163.30 |
Mar 1, 1985 | 162.56 |
Dec 1, 1984 | 162.01 |
Sep 1, 1984 | 160.94 |
Jun 1, 1984 | 161.37 |
Mar 1, 1984 | 160.49 |
Dec 1, 1983 | 160.18 |
Sep 1, 1983 | 160.54 |
Jun 1, 1983 | 161.47 |
Mar 1, 1983 | 162.15 |
Dec 1, 1982 | 159.72 |
Sep 1, 1982 | 158.09 |
Jun 1, 1982 | 160.55 |
Mar 1, 1982 | 164.03 |
Dec 1, 1981 | 163.17 |
Sep 1, 1981 | 164.06 |
Jun 1, 1981 | 166.50 |
Mar 1, 1981 | 166.46 |
Dec 1, 1980 | 169.66 |
Sep 1, 1980 | 173.87 |
Jun 1, 1980 | 171.32 |
Mar 1, 1980 | 174.18 |
Dec 1, 1979 | 178.99 |
Sep 1, 1979 | 180.37 |
Jun 1, 1979 | 182.13 |
Mar 1, 1979 | 183.14 |
Dec 1, 1978 | 180.31 |
Sep 1, 1978 | 178.21 |
Jun 1, 1978 | 176.71 |
Mar 1, 1978 | 174.60 |
Dec 1, 1977 | 172.73 |
Sep 1, 1977 | 168.90 |
Jun 1, 1977 | 167.10 |
Mar 1, 1977 | 162.99 |
Dec 1, 1976 | 161.38 |
Sep 1, 1976 | 160.64 |
Jun 1, 1976 | 161.28 |
Mar 1, 1976 | 158.29 |
Dec 1, 1975 | 157.24 |
Sep 1, 1975 | 157.23 |
Jun 1, 1975 | 160.84 |
Mar 1, 1975 | 159.75 |
Dec 1, 1974 | 155.08 |
Sep 1, 1974 | 154.68 |
Jun 1, 1974 | 156.62 |
Mar 1, 1974 | 157.59 |
Dec 1, 1973 | 159.36 |
Sep 1, 1973 | 159.95 |
Jun 1, 1973 | 162.13 |
Mar 1, 1973 | 165.04 |
Dec 1, 1972 | 168.36 |
Sep 1, 1972 | 169.83 |
Jun 1, 1972 | 168.50 |
Mar 1, 1972 | 168.71 |
Dec 1, 1971 | 168.49 |
Sep 1, 1971 | 167.72 |
Jun 1, 1971 | 166.23 |
Mar 1, 1971 | 166.90 |
Dec 1, 1970 | 166.65 |
Sep 1, 1970 | 165.77 |
Jun 1, 1970 | 164.30 |
Mar 1, 1970 | 163.98 |
Dec 1, 1969 | 162.59 |
Sep 1, 1969 | 161.95 |
Jun 1, 1969 | 161.03 |
Mar 1, 1969 | 161.30 |
Dec 1, 1968 | 160.76 |
Sep 1, 1968 | 159.64 |
Jun 1, 1968 | 159.86 |
Mar 1, 1968 | 161.57 |
Dec 1, 1967 | 162.51 |
Sep 1, 1967 | 162.39 |
Jun 1, 1967 | 162.66 |
Mar 1, 1967 | 163.47 |
Dec 1, 1966 | 163.92 |
Sep 1, 1966 | 164.20 |
Jun 1, 1966 | 165.55 |
Mar 1, 1966 | 166.70 |
Dec 1, 1965 | 167.36 |
Sep 1, 1965 | 166.64 |
Jun 1, 1965 | 166.35 |
Mar 1, 1965 | 168.76 |
Dec 1, 1964 | 168.25 |
Sep 1, 1964 | 167.57 |
Jun 1, 1964 | 167.11 |
Mar 1, 1964 | 168.30 |
Dec 1, 1963 | 167.12 |
Sep 1, 1963 | 167.27 |
Jun 1, 1963 | 167.58 |
Mar 1, 1963 | 167.05 |
Dec 1, 1962 | 167.07 |
Sep 1, 1962 | 167.42 |
Jun 1, 1962 | 168.17 |
Mar 1, 1962 | 168.19 |
Dec 1, 1961 | 168.27 |
Sep 1, 1961 | 167.48 |
Jun 1, 1961 | 167.87 |
Mar 1, 1961 | 168.18 |
Dec 1, 1960 | 168.48 |
Sep 1, 1960 | 168.70 |
Jun 1, 1960 | 168.33 |
Mar 1, 1960 | 169.85 |
Dec 1, 1959 | 169.72 |
Sep 1, 1959 | 169.31 |
Jun 1, 1959 | 170.79 |
Mar 1, 1959 | 171.53 |
Dec 1, 1958 | 171.78 |
Sep 1, 1958 | 172.09 |
Jun 1, 1958 | 172.91 |
Mar 1, 1958 | 172.19 |
Dec 1, 1957 | 174.04 |
Sep 1, 1957 | 173.37 |
Jun 1, 1957 | 174.60 |
Mar 1, 1957 | 174.59 |
Dec 1, 1956 | 174.22 |
Sep 1, 1956 | 175.62 |
Jun 1, 1956 | 173.51 |
Mar 1, 1956 | 176.77 |
Dec 1, 1955 | 178.20 |
Sep 1, 1955 | 177.53 |
Jun 1, 1955 | 176.89 |
Mar 1, 1955 | 178.12 |
Dec 1, 1954 | 178.32 |
Sep 1, 1954 | 177.38 |
Jun 1, 1954 | 175.58 |
Mar 1, 1954 | 175.65 |
Dec 1, 1953 | 175.58 |
Sep 1, 1953 | 175.51 |
Jun 1, 1953 | 175.49 |
Mar 1, 1953 | 176.26 |
Dec 1, 1952 | 158.56 |
Dec 1, 1951 | 153.02 |
Dec 1, 1950 | 152.95 |
Dec 1, 1949 | 156.33 |
Dec 1, 1948 | 152.95 |
Dec 1, 1947 | 154.35 |
Dec 1, 1946 | 138.53 |
Dec 1, 1945 | 131.87 |
Dec 1, 1944 | 120.62 |
Dec 1, 1943 | 105.84 |
Dec 1, 1942 | 97.78 |
Dec 1, 1941 | 103.18 |
Dec 1, 1940 | 123.80 |
Dec 1, 1939 | 120.69 |
Dec 1, 1938 | 122.29 |
Dec 1, 1937 | 119.94 |
Dec 1, 1936 | 120.28 |
Dec 1, 1935 | 118.22 |
Dec 1, 1934 | 110.92 |
Dec 1, 1933 | 109.42 |
Dec 1, 1932 | 114.62 |
Dec 1, 1931 | 114.87 |
Dec 1, 1930 | 113.41 |
Dec 1, 1929 | 110.93 |
Dec 1, 1928 | 113.92 |
Dec 1, 1927 | 110.95 |
Dec 1, 1926 | 112.64 |
Dec 1, 1925 | 116.07 |
Dec 1, 1924 | 114.14 |
Dec 1, 1923 | 113.92 |
Dec 1, 1922 | 114.93 |
Dec 1, 1921 | 110.73 |
Dec 1, 1920 | 101.00 |
Dec 1, 1919 | 94.59 |
Dec 1, 1918 | 98.52 |
Dec 1, 1917 | 111.55 |
Dec 1, 1916 | 129.11 |
Dec 1, 1915 | 132.81 |
Dec 1, 1914 | 147.53 |
Dec 1, 1913 | 143.67 |
Dec 1, 1912 | 148.11 |
Dec 1, 1911 | 153.01 |
Dec 1, 1910 | 153.38 |
Dec 1, 1909 | 131.21 |
Dec 1, 1908 | 148.37 |
Dec 1, 1907 | 169.86 |
Dec 1, 1906 | 150.67 |
Dec 1, 1905 | 134.03 |
Dec 1, 1904 | 152.95 |
Dec 1, 1903 | 153.06 |
Dec 1, 1902 | 142.43 |
Dec 1, 1901 | 129.42 |
Dec 1, 1900 | 161.96 |
Dec 1, 1899 | 136.45 |
Dec 1, 1898 | 166.80 |
Dec 1, 1897 | 158.99 |
Dec 1, 1896 | 154.12 |
Dec 1, 1895 | 175.27 |
Dec 1, 1894 | 198.63 |
Dec 1, 1893 | 159.08 |
Dec 1, 1892 | 141.15 |
Dec 1, 1891 | 140.30 |
Dec 1, 1890 | 148.05 |
US national index levels, not seasonally adjusted. Historic prices are inflation adjusted March, 2025 dollars.
Data is from
Robert Shiller, from
his book, Irrational Exuberance, and
Standard and Poor’s.